Natural Rubber (NR)
Description: Natural product extracted from hevea brasiliensis; the cultivation is done on plantations in Malaysia, Indonesia, Kenia and Brasil. The extraction process includes the drawing
Categories
Polymer-Blend
Description: A polymer blend is a mixture of two or more polymeres. The polymers are mixtured in order to optimise the polymer properties such as
Polyether-Block-Amide (PEBA)
Description: PEBA owns rubber-like properties but can be processed just like common thermoplastics. Usages: Being both an elastomer and a thermoplastic, PEBA onwns rubber-like properties
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
Description: The LDPE polymer is largely branched, which forces the molecules to be packed rather loosely. The result is a plastic material with a low
DIN 53536:1992-10
Title: Testing of rubber; determination of gas permeability Category: Elastomer Please note: Complete standard sheets are made available by Beuth Verlag.
Silicone (SI)
Description: SIs are very resistant to chemical substances and UV-radiation as well as highly permeable for gases. Their natural colour includes shades of white and
Permeat
Descpription: The stream of particles migrating through a material during the permeation process is called permeat. Category:Definition
Fluoro-Silicone-Rubbers (MFQ or FVMQ)
Description: Nomenclature: MFQ according to ISO 1629 (“Rubber and latices – Nomenclature”) or FVMQ according to ASTM 1418 (“Practice for Rubber and Rubber Latices —
Acrylic-Butadiene-Styrene-copolymers (ABS)
Descpription: ABS consist of a framing phase of Styrene-Acrylnitrile-Copolymer (SAN) in which an elastic Phase of butadiene-homo- or copolymers is dispersed. The coherent SAN-Matrix provides
Biotechnology
Descpription: Biotechnology is a engineering application of Biology and Biochemistry, including e.g. the process of cloning and the use of genetic engineering in order to
Poly-Vinylalcohol (PVA)
Description: PVA is synthesised either by polymerisation-analogue reactions or on a large scale by transesterification and hydrolysis of vinylacetates in alkaline media (preferred solvent: methanol).
Styrene-Acrylic-Nitrile-Copolymer (SAN)
Description: Copolymer composed of aprox. 70% styrene and 30% acrylic nitrile. Usage: housewares medical parts electronic parts Formulas: Category:Thermoplastic
Permeation cell
Description: In a permeation cell the process of permeation takes place under precisely defined conditions. (Cf. permeation measurement cell) Category:Definition
Granule
Description: A solid substance with such a granularity allowing to easily drain the material and causing the grains to hardly be stuck together is called
Poly-Vinylchloride (PVC)
Description: Available as hard or soft modification, this polymer features a good resistance to oils (except essential oils) and mostly very low permeability rates for
Resin
Description: According to DIN 55958, resins are fluid to solid organic compounds with a typical allocation of molar masses. A distinction is drawn between natural
Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF)
Description: PVDF is a semi-crystalline fluoroplastic and belongs the thermoplastic materials. (PVDF is not injection-mouldable). It is characterised by a outstanding durability in a chemical
Hydrogenated Polyacrylic-Nitrile Butadiene (HNBR)- EPM (copolymer); EPDM (terpolymer)
Description: Swelling in oil an benzine comparable to the one of NBR. operational temperatures up to +150°C, high tensile strengh, resistant to weather. Usage: tubes
Fuel Tank Technology
Description: Technology concerned with optimising and developing fuel tanks. The main focus of interest here lies on properties such as density, mobility, (heat and air)
Barrier
Description: Layer of material, e.g. a polymer or a film, carrying very low permeability for gases, vapors and fluids. Depending on permeation properties, different materials
Polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN)
Description: Polyester which is very similar to PET but more temperature-resistant. PEN is a semi-crystalline and transparent plastic with an either crystal-clear or sometimes slightly
RFID
Description: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a method for contactless reading and saving data. This system was originally developed in order to substitute the identification
Polyethyleneglycol
Description: These plastics are produced by cationic or anionic polymersation of ethyleneoxide. Depending on their molecular weight, they are obtained in form of either colourless,
Permeability
Descpription: The specific permeability of a material determines the migration rate of another substance through the pores and gaps of the material. The rate depends
Polyamide (PA)
Description: PAs are a group of semi-cyrstalline engineering thermoplastics which are quite similar to each other. They are produced by polimersing linear structured aliphatic or,
Membrane
Descpription: A membrane is a thin, skin-like seperating layer. In chemistry one uses membranes for separating two environments (in contrast to swinging membranes used in
Ethylene-Acrylic-Acid-copolymer (EAA)
Descpription: Polymer of exceptional adhesion and sealing, uncommon toughness and flexibility. Easy processing possible. Category:Copolymer Formula:
Diffusion rate
Description: The diffusion rate measures the spreading of microscopic particles within fluids or gases through (semi-)permeable barriers. Category:Definition
Thermoplastic
Beschreibung: Thermoplastics are engineering plastics which are solid at room temperature and which can repeatedly be softened and re-hardened by increasing and decrasing temperature. Category:Definition
Vinylidenefluoride-Chlorotrifluoroethylene-Fluoropolymer (VDF/CTFE)
Description: VDF/CTFE is a fluorinecopolymer consisting of vinylidenenfluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene. This special thermoplastic fluorinepolymer is characterized by an excellent flexibility, a high notches impact strength
Permeation coefficient
Description: The permeation coefficient indicates permeability of a solid for a certain substance with respect to a unified thickness. It can be computed by multiplying
Arrhenius equation
Description: Describes temperature dependency of (chemical) reaction speed, given the specific activation energy and the chance of a successful molecule collision. Category:Definition Formula:
Fuel C
Description: Testing fuel for determining permeation and resistance properties in general. Composition: 50Vol.% Isooctane 50Vol.% Toluene Category: Testing Fuel
Synthetical Resin
Description: Synthetically manufactured, fluid or solid material with all the characteristics of resins defined in DIN 55958 (cf. resin). Synthetical resins are produced from polymerisation
Combinatorial chemistry
Description: Combinatorial chemistry means the sysnthesis of compounds by taking into account all possible combinations of the reagents. The principle involves reactions with raw material
Vinylidenefluoride Hexafluorobutylene Fluorocopolymer (VDF/hexafluorobutylene)
Description: Thermoplastic fluorocopolymer consisting of vinylidenefluoride and hexafluorobutylene. This copolymer is also established as CM-X. Category:Thermoplastic
Catalysis
Description: The catalysis is a chemical reaction involving the presence of a catalyst. A distinction is drawn between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis: Homogeneous catalysis means,
Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR)
Description: SBR features poor elasticity properties. When dynamically loaded, SBR undergoes a broad inner heating. Compared to that, SBR has a clearly improved abrasion resistance
Liquid-Crystal-Polymers (LCP)
Description: In principle, LCPs are composites consisting of an organig matrix in which fibers of the same kind of polymer are implemented. They feature
Polycyclohexylenedimethylene-Ethylene-Terephthalat
Description: The most important properties of this thermoplastic gained of cyclohexylendimethylenediole, ethyleneglycole and therephthalic acid are: hardness, an enourmous impact-strength and resistance to chemical substances,
Vinylfluoride Tetrafluoroethylene Fluorocopolymer (VF/TFE)
Description: Thermoplastic fluorocopolymer consisting of vinylfluoride and tetrafluoroethylene. Formula: Category:Thermoplastic
Poly-acrylic-acid
Description: Plastic that is produced by peroxide-catalysed polymerisation of acrylic acid in aqueous solution or by hydrolysing poly-acrylic-acid-chloride or poly-acrylic-amide. Pure poly-acrylic-acid can be obtained
FFKM (perfluorinated rubber)
Description: Perfluorinated elastomers (FFKM’s) are elastic sealing-materials with a natural rest capacitiy, as well as good adaptation-properties to seal surfaces with equal chemical resistance to
High-Density-Polyethylene, HDPE (hard PE)
Description: Half crystalline, whitish, half transparent functional thermoplastic with properties similar to those of low-density-PE (LDPE, soft PE). In contrast to LDPE, HDPE is significatnly
Polymer alloy
Description: Polymer blend of actually immiscible polymers, whereby miscibility was reached during the blending process. (Cf. Polymer blend) Category:Definition
Poly-acrylic-acid-amide
Description: Produced by radical polymerisation of acrylic amide in aqueous solution, poly-acrylic-acid-amide can be obtained as a white, odorless powder. It is well soluble in
Fluoropolymers
Description: The most useful properties of the fluoroploymeres are due to the fluorineatoms, which can be found in the polymerchain. Fluorine is the most electronegative
Activation energy
Descpription: Energy needed by a system to initiate a particular process, such as diffusion or a chemical reaction. It can be described using the Arrhenius
FAM B
Description: Testing fuel for determining permeation and resistance properties in general. Composition: 84,5 Vol.% FAM A 15 Vol.% Methyl alcohol 0,5 Vol.% Water Category: Testing
Thermoplastic Polybutadiene-Elastomer (TPE)
Description: A widespread family of rubber-like materials that – in contrast to common vulcanised rubbers – can be processed and recycled just as thermoplastics. Usage:
Fluoroelastomers
Description: The American guideline ASTM D1418 (American Society for Testing and Materials) categorizes the fluoroelastomers into three subgroups: FKM (fluorocarbon elastomer) FFKM (perfluorinated elastomers) FVMQ
Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE)
Description: PTFE (also called “Teflon”) is a non-inflammable plastic that is completely insoluble and inswellable within any type of solvent. It is resistant to all
Thermoset
Description: Plastic which can be transformed into a hard, vitually unmeltable and insoluble product by heating or using other methods. The term “thermoset” comprises both
Poly-Methyl-Methacrylate (PMMA)
Description: Amourphos, transparent and colorless high-perfomance thermoplastic which is both hard and rigid but also refractory and notch-sensitive. PMMA features a good resistance to grinding
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Description: HDPE shows no or little branchings, so that the molecules are densely packed. In consequence, the resulting polymer features a rigid structure. Usage: bottles
Poly-Phenylene-sulfide (PPS)
Description: PPS is a highly crystalline, linear structured thermoplastic composed of alternating sulfur atoms and phenylene rings in a para substitution pattern. This means that
Tetrafluoroethylene-Perfluorodimethyldioxole-Fluorocopolymer (TFE/PDD)
Description: TFE/PDD is a thermoplastic, amorphous fluorocopolymer, which is also known under the name TEFLON®AF by DuPont. TFE/PDD is a copolymer consists of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE)
Tetrafluoroethylene-Perfluorovinylsulfonicacid-Fluorocopolymer (TFE/PVS)
Description: TFE/PVS is modified PTFE and was produced first-time by DuPont. It is a thermoplastic fluoropolymer, which consists of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and perfluorovinylsulfonicacid. TFE/PVS was
Cellulose Acetate (CA)
Description: Produced by adding the acetyl radical of the acetic acid to cellulose (available as cotton- or wood-fibers). The result is a robust plastic
Phenolic plastics, phenoplastic moulding compounds (PF)
Description: Also called “phenol resins”; phenol plastics have been the first fully synthetically produced plastics. They are duroplasts made up by polycondensation. They feature high
Acrylic-nitrile-Styrene-Acrylic-ester-polymer-alloy (ASA)
Description: Acrylic-modified, transparent and highly weather-resistant rubber thermoplastic with good chemical stability, resilience and stiffness; features antistatic properties. Usage: Building and recreational application, vehicle construction
Isobutene-Isoprene-Rubber (IIR)
Description: Butyl-rubber only features moderate mechanical qualities and has a high inner absorbability. In contrast to that, it features a good resistance to weather and
Vinylidenefluoride Trifluoroethylene Fluorocopolymer (VDF/TrFE)
Description: Thermoplastic fluorocopolymer constisting of vinylidenefluoride and trifluoroethylene Formula: Category:Thermoplastic
DIN EN 1330-8:1998-07
Title: Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 8: Terms used in leak tightness testing; Trilingual version EN 1330-8:1998 Category: Definition Please note: Complete standard sheets
Polyethersulfone (PESU)
Descpription: Amorphous, transparent, light-amber-colored high-performance thermoplastic. PESU features a little resistance to pressure and has a tendency towards forming stress cracks. Its resistance to thermal
Ultra Low Density Polyethylene (ULDPE)
Description: Ultra- and very low density polyethylene are linear structured polyethylenes with a density lower than 0,880g per inch. These semi-crystalline (i.e. normally 50% crystalline),
Feed
Description: The alloy of gases that is fed as test gas into one half of the permeation measuring cell is called “feed”. Category:Definition
Tetrafluorinated ethylene (TFE)
Description: Thermoplastic of milky white color that feels like wax. Because of its special properties, this material has a unique position compared to other thermoplastics.View
MIL-C-7024E, Typ III
Description: Also called “MIL-C-7024D”. Testing fuel for determining permeation and resistance properties in general. Composition: up to 90% (by weight) C10-C15 Isoalkanes Depending on amount
Cyclic Olefine Copolymers (COC)
Descpription: COC are polymers composed of ethylene and norbornene-groups. The norbornene is randomly spread throughout the polymer backbone. Category:Copolymer Formula:
Tetrafluoroethylene-Perfluoropropylevinylether-Fluorocopolymer (PFA)
Description: PFA is a semi-crystalline, perfluorinated copolymer, which consists of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and perfluoropropylvinylether. Due to the high fluorine fraction in the copolymer, PFA has
Poly-Benzimidazole (PBI)
Description: PBI does not melt and is non-inflammable; it retains its fabric integrity and lissomeness even when having direct contact with flames. Usage: High-performance
Polyorganophosphazene (PPZ)
Description: PPZ is an example of a new class of polymeric materials involving inorganic chains. Its main characteristics are fire resistance, good weatherability as well
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
Description: PCTFE is made from chlorotrifluoroethylene by suspension-polymerization or by emulsion-polymerization with a redox-indicator or a peroxide as starting reagent. PCTFE is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic.
Foamable polystyrene (EPS)
Description: Foaming agent is n-pentane. For other details on polysterene see the respective link (polystyrene, PS). Category:Thermoplastic
Drying of gases
Description: An appropriate way of drying gases is to dry them dynamically. Gases with a very high humidity are pre-dried using high-capacity drying agents. Category:Definition
Polyacetal or Polyoxymethylene (POM)
Description: POM is produced in both variants the homopolymer as well as the copolymer. Both types are hard, impact resisting and rigid polymers with an
FKM (Fluoroelastomers)
Description: Fluorocarbon elastomers are highly fluorinated, carbon based polymers, which resist to chemical attacks and ozone. The service temperature lies between –20°C and 204°C, temporary
ASTM D814-95(2005)
Title: Standard Test Method for Rubber Property – Vapor Transmission of Volatile Liquids Category:Elastomer Please note: Complete standard sheets are made available by Beuth Verlag.
Polyurethane-Foam (PUR))
Beschreibung: PUR is produced by polyaddition out of a homogene mixture of polyols and diisocyanate. There are different types with either rigid, cross-linked or solid
Barrier Packaging
Description: Barrier Packaging is a packaging with very low permeability for possibly interfering materials (e.g. air). Popular applications e.g. are packagings for food (in order
Chloro-isobutene-isoprene rubber (Chlorobutyl Rubber, CIIR)
Usage: This halobutyl rubber is used for articles needing low permeability to gases and liquids, e.g. tire inner liners, hoses, certain types of seals, membranes
Polyarylate (PAR)
Description: Amorphous thermoplastic based on therephtalic acid, phthalic acid and bisphenole A groups implemented in the polymer chain; PAR is a weather resistant, partly aromatic
Polystyrene (PS)
Description: PS consists of polymerised styrene monomers with or without functional groups. It is strong, rigid, refractory and very notch-sensitive polymer that features an excellent
Permeation Rate Measurement
Description: Permeation measuring means the process of determining the permeation rate of a certain substance. That means measuring, how much of the permeate per time
ASTM
Description: ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials Standard development organisation, providing international standards for materials, products, systems, and services. Category:Definition
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Dr. Andreas Konrad